ParallaxAI Alignment in Context

paper · Catalog publication: January 1, 1966

ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine

Describes rule-based conversational responses and the questions they raise about apparent understanding.

By Joseph Weizenbaum

Historical context

Joseph Weizenbaum’s paper describing ELIZA appeared in the January 1966 issue of Communications of the ACM. It explains a program for generating conversational responses through text-processing rules.

The ELIZA Effect concerns the understanding people attribute to such interaction. This milestone marks the paper’s publication, not an exact date for the program’s creation.

The timeline uses the publisher-deposited Crossref date: January 1, 1966. This is the catalog publication date for the journal issue, rather than a separately verified day of physical circulation.

Explore the chronology →

Sources

  1. Publisher-deposited publication date (Crossref) · Source record ref-130aa9851cb7
  2. Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA (Communications of the ACM, January 1966) · Source record ref-cddb0c54767c

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Last updated 2026-10-08