Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Historical context

Alan Turing published Computing Machinery and Intelligence in the October 1950 issue of Mind. The paper proposes the imitation game as a way to examine Machine Intelligence.

This entry marks a publication, not the beginning of alignment research. Its place here is background: how intelligence is recognized is a different question from what a system should do.

The timeline uses the publisher-deposited Crossref date: October 1, 1950. This is the catalog publication date for the journal issue, rather than a separately verified day of physical circulation.